Literature Watch & News: Genitourinary Pathology (2020 Q1)
Sounak Gupta, MBBS, PhD and Rohit Mehra, MD
Renal Cancer
Recurrent KRAS mutations in papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity.
Al-Obaidy KI et al. Modern Pathology. 2019 Sep 18. PMID: 31534204. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31534204
– This study, senior authored by the late Dr. David Grignon, a giant in the field of genitourinary pathology, is another seminal work which characterizes the morphologic features and molecular underpinnings of a unique variant of papillary renal cell carcinoma.
“Renal Cell Carcinoma With Leiomyomatous Stroma” Harbor Somatic Mutations of TSC1, TSC2, MTOR, and/or ELOC (TCEB1): Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization of 18 Sporadic Tumors Supports a Distinct Entity.
Shah RB et al. American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2019 Dec 31. PMID: 31850909. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31850909
– The authors of this study provide insight into the characterization of renal neoplasms that are morphologically enriched for the presence of leiomyomatous stroma, including underlying molecular alterations.
Bladder Cancer
BCG is extensively used for the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, significant shortages are anticipated in the coming year. This has been highlighted by the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN):
https://bcan.org/bcg-shortage-bladder-cancer/#1560949642874-aab3abc1-db8e/
Prostate Cancer
When and How Should Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer be De-Escalated?
Rajwa P et al. European Urology Focus. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2020.01.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2020.01.001
– Herein, the authors review available evidence and guidelines addressing transitions from active to passive monitoring for patients with low-risk prostate cancer.
Reporting Practices and Resource Utilization in the Era of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Survey of Genitourinary Subspecialists.
Gandhi JS et al. American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2019 Dec 23. PMID: 31876580.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31876580
This report summarizes best practice recommendations related to diagnosis and reporting practices pertaining to intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.
Management of Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Report of the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2019.
Gillessen S et al. European Urology. 2020 Jan 27. PMID: 32001144.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32001144
This study summarizes expert opinion related to common issues and controversies regarding the management of patients with advanced prostate cancer, including metastatic hormone-sensitive and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Literature Watch & News: Genitourinary Pathology (April 2020- Lockdown edition)
Sounak Gupta, MBBS, PhD and Rohit Mehra, MD.
Renal Cancer
MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma.
Argani P. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2015 Mar;32(2):103-13. Review. PMID: 25758327. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758327
– This review, authored by Dr. Pedram Argani, highlights the morphologic, translational and biologic features of MiT family aberration renal cell carcinoma.
Contemporary Renal Tumor Categorization With Biomarker and Translational Updates: A Practical Review.
Taylor et al. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019 Dec;143(12):1477-1491. Review. PMID: 31765248. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31765248
– The authors of this study provide insight into the evolutionary biomarker landscape of renal cell carcinoma, incorporating established markers with upcoming markers of clinical potential.
Bladder Cancer
Updates on the Genomics of Bladder Cancer and Novel Molecular Taxonomy.
Al-Ahmadie H, Netto GJ. Adv Anat Pathol. 2020 Jan;27(1):36-43. Review. PMID: 31743118.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31743118
This review provides an update on the recent advances in the molecular characterization and novel molecular taxonomy of urothelial carcinoma and its histologic variants.
Prostate Cancer
Knowing what’s growing: Why ductal and intraductal prostate cancer matter.
Lawrence et al. Sci Transl Med. 2020 Mar 4;12(533). Review. PMID: 32132214.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32132214/
– This review summarizes the pathologic, clinical and translational implications of ductal prostate cancer and intraductal prostate cancer.
Towards precision oncology in advanced prostate cancer. Ku et al. Nat Rev Urol. 2019 Nov;16(11):645-654. Review. PMID: 31591549.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31591549
This review summarizes expert opinion related to concepts, common management issues and clinical applications for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Testis Cancer
Recently Described and Clinically Important Entities in Testis Tumors: A Selective Review of Changes Incorporated Into the 2016 Classification of the World Health Organization.
Ulbright TM. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019 Jun;143(6):711-721. Review. PMID: 29949388.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949388/
– This review summarizes some common testicular pathologies with their clinical implications especially in light of the WHO classification of genitourinary tumors.
Penile Cancer
Pathology of Invasive and Intraepithelial Penile Neoplasia.
Canete-Portillo et al. Eur Urol Focus. 2019 Sep;5(5):713-717. Review. PMID: 31288989.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31288989
– This review summarizes an updated approach towards classification of penile intraepithelial neoplasia and penile invasive carcinoma.
Miscellaneous
Next generation immunohistochemistry: Emerging substitutes to genetic testing?
Andrici et al. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2018 May;35(3):161-169. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28662997
PMID: 28662997
– This review elaborates on the utility of immunohistochemistry in detection of syndromic neoplasia (including genitourinary) from a surgical pathology perspective.
Complimentary Courses
USCAP: Urologic Pathology, Course Director: Adeboye O. Osunkoya, MDCode: USCAPnvzcxw
“Complimentary Access to eLearning from USCAP
In response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pathology education, USCAP is currently providing complimentary access to eLearning modules
https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/14759
This includes a section on Urologic Pathology, a course that is directed by Dr. Adeboye O. Osunkoya, MD, and includes sections on high yield prostate and bladder pathology (code: USCAPnvzcxw).”
Literature Watch & News: Genitourinary Pathology (July 2021)
Sounak Gupta, MBBS, PhD and Rohit Mehra, MD.
Kidney Cancer
Improving Renal Tumor Biopsy Prognostication With BAP1 Analyses.
Kapur et al. Arch Pathol Lab Med (2021).
https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2020-0413-OA
EWSR1-PATZ1 fusion renal cell carcinoma: a recurrent gene fusion characterizing thyroid-like follicular renal cell carcinoma.
Al-Obaidy et al. Mod Pathol. 2021 Jun 7. doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00833-7. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34099871
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34099871/
A contemporary guide to chromosomal copy number profiling in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
Gupta et al. Urol Oncol. 2021 Jun 3:S1078-1439(21)00205-2. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.04.042. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34092479
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34092479/
Low-Grade Oncocytic Tumor of Kidney (CK7-Positive, CD117-Negative): Incidence in a single institutional experience with clinicopathological and molecular characteristics.
Kravtsov et al. Hum Pathol. 2021 May 4;114:9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.04.013. Online ahead of print. PMID: 33961838
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33961838/
Low-grade oncocytic tumour expands the spectrum of renal oncocytic tumours and deserves separate classification: a review of 23 cases from a single tertiary institute.
Akgul et al. J Clin Pathol. 2021 Jun 24:jclinpath-2021-207478. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207478. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34168073
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34168073/
SWI/SNF-deficient neoplasms of the genitourinary tract.
Sirohi et al. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2021 May;38(3):212-221. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.03.007. Epub 2021 Apr 3. PMID: 33840529
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33840529/
Single-cell analyses of renal cell cancers reveal insights into tumor microenvironment, cell of origin, and therapy response.
Zhang et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Jun 15;118(24):e2103240118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2103240118. PMID: 34099557
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34099557/
Dataset for the reporting of nephrectomy specimens for wilms’ tumour treated with preoperative chemotherapy: recommendations from the international society of paediatric oncology renal tumour study group.
Histopathology. 2021 May 3. PMID: 33942359
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33942359/
TSC/MTOR mutated eosinophilic renal tumors are a distinct entity that are CK7+/CK20-/vimentin-: a validation study.
Hum Pathol. 2020 Dec 19;S0046-8177(20)30259-8. PMID: 33352195.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33352195/
Urinary Bladder Cancer
Molecular pathology of urothelial carcinoma.
Lopez-Beltran et al. Hum Pathol. 2021 Jul;113:67-83. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.04.001. Epub 2021 Apr 19. PMID: 33887300 Review.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33887300/
Urinary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 22 Cases.
Wang et al. Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Jun 2. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001740. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34074810
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34074810/
Molecular subtypes of upper tract urothelial cancer: Setting the stage for precision therapy.
McConkey et al. Cancer Cell. 2021 Jun 14;39(6):745-747. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.05.004. PMID: 34129819
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129819/
Prostate Cancer
Advances in the selection of patients with prostate cancer for active surveillance.
Liu et al. Nat Rev Urol. 2021 Apr;18(4):197-208. doi: 10.1038/s41585-021-00432-w. Epub 2021 Feb 23. PMID: 33623103
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33623103/
De novo neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in primary prostate cancer-a phenotype associated with advanced clinico-pathologic features and aggressive outcome.
Abdulfatah et al. Med Oncol. 2021 Feb 14;38(3):26. doi: 10.1007/s12032-021-01473-2. PMID: 33586037
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33586037/
Clinical Utility of Subclassifying Positive Surgical Margins at Radical Prostatectomy.
Dason et al. BJU Int. 2021 Jun 23. doi: 10.1111/bju.15524. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34161656
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34161656/
Association between BRCA2 alterations and intraductal and cribriform histologies in prostate cancer.
Lozano et al. Eur J Cancer. 2021 Apr;147:74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.027. Epub 2021 Feb 21. PMID: 33626496
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33626496/
Extent of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy Enhances Prediction of Pathologic Stage.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021 May 20. PMID: 34015819
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34015819/
Testis Cancer
Circulating MicroRNAs, the Next-Generation Serum Biomarkers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours: A Systematic Review.
Leao et al. Published:June 23, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2021.06.006
https://www.europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(21)01812-1/fulltext
Comparative molecular analysis of testicular Leydig cell tumors demonstrates distinct subsets of neoplasms with aggressive histopathologic features.
Rizzo et al. Mod Pathol. 2021 Jun 8. doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00845-3. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34103665
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34103665/
Discrepancy in pathology reports upon second review of radical orchiectomy specimens for testicular germ cell tumors.
Nason et al. Can Urol Assoc J. 2020 Dec;14(12):411-415. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.6481. PMID: 32574142
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32574142/
SSX C-Terminus is a Useful Diagnostic Biomarker for Spermatocytic Tumour.
Anderson et al. Histopathology. 2021 May 7. doi: 10.1111/his.14398. Online ahead of print. PMID: 33963590
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33963590/
Histologic Findings in Surgical Pathology Specimens From Individuals Taking Feminizing Hormone Therapy for the Purpose of Gender Transition: A Systematic Scoping Review.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021 May 13. PMID: 33983412.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33983412/
Testicular Tumors: A Contemporary Update on Morphologic, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Features.
Adv Anat Pathol. 2021 Jul 1;28(4):258-275. PMID: 33871428
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33871428/
Penile Cancer
What Is New in the Pathologic Staging of Penile Carcinoma in the 8th Edition of AJCC TNM Model: Rationale for Changes With Practical Stage-by-stage Category Diagnostic Considerations.
Adv Anat Pathol. 2021 Jul 1;28(4):209-227. PMID: 34050061
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34050061/
Genitourinary sarcoma
Clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the genitourinary tract: evidence for a distinct DICER1-associated subgroup.
Mod Pathol. 2021 Apr 12. PMID: 33846547
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846547/
Artificial Intelligence and Genitourinary Cancers
Validating Whole Slide Imaging Systems for Diagnostic Purposes in Pathology: Guideline Update From the College of American Pathologists in Collaboration With the American Society for Clinical Pathology and the Association for Pathology Informatics. Evans et al.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021 May 18. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0723-CP. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34003251
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34003251/
Computationally Derived Cribriform Area Index from Prostate Cancer Hematoxylin and Eosin Images Is Associated with Biochemical Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy and Is Most Prognostic in Gleason Grade Group 2.
Leo et al. Eur Urol Focus. 2021 Apr 30:S2405-4569(21)00122-X. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.04.016. Online ahead of print. PMID: 33941504
Literature Watch & News: Genitourinary Pathology (October 2021)
Sounak Gupta, MBBS, PhD and Rohit Mehra, MD.
Kidney Cancer
Different Fumarate Hydratase Gene Variants Are Associated With Distinct Cancer Phenotypes.
JCO Precision Oncology. 2021(5):1568-1578.
https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/PO.21.00263
Co-existence of ESC-RCC, EVT, and LOT as synchronous and metachronous tumors in six patients with multifocal neoplasia but without clinical features of tuberous sclerosis complex.
Hum Pathol. 2021 Oct;116:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.06.002. Epub 2021 Jun 19. PMID: 34153307.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34153307/
Eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) of kidney demonstrates sporadic TSC/MTOR mutations: next-generation sequencing multi-institutional study of 19 cases.
Mod Pathol. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00923-6. Epub ahead of print. Erratum in: Mod Pathol. 2021 Oct 5;: PMID: 34521993.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34521993/
Low-grade oncocytic renal tumor (LOT): mutations in mTOR pathway genes and low expression of FOXI1.
Mod Pathol. 2021 Sep 16. doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00906-7. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34531523.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34531523/
Germline and sporadic mTOR pathway mutations in low-grade oncocytic tumor of the kidney.
Mod Pathol. 2021 Sep 20. doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00896-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34538873.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34538873/
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma With Microcystic Architecture Is Strongly Associated With Extrarenal Invasion and Metastatic Disease,
The American Journal of Surgical Pathology: September 09, 2021. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001802.
Prognostic Significance of Percentage Necrosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Study of Factors Associated With Survival in Pakistani Patients,
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2021; doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab136.
Urinary Bladder Cancer
Utility of D2-40, Cytokeratin 5/6, and High-Molecular-weight Cytokeratin (Clone 34βE12) in Distinguishing Intraductal Spread of Urothelial Carcinoma From Prostatic Stromal Invasion.
Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Sep 23. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001816. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34560681.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34560681/
Upper urothelial tract High Grade Carcinoma: Comparison of Urine Cytology and DNA Methylation Analysis in Urinary Samples.
Hum Pathol. 2021 Sep 25:S0046-8177(21)00166-0. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.09.007. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34582934.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34582934/
CD274 (PD-L1) Copy Number Changes (Gain) & Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract.
Bladder Cancer. Jan. 2021: 1 – 6. doi: 10.3233/BLC-201532.
Reappraisal of HER2 Amplification in High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma Based on 2018 ASCO/CAP Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Am J Clin Pathol. 2021 Jun 14:aqab083. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab083. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34124742.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34124742/
Prostate Cancer
Optimal Method for Reporting Prostate Cancer Grade in MRI-targeted Biopsies.
Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Jun 10. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001758. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34115670.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34115670/
Intraductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate With Cribriform or Papillary Ductal Morphology: Rare Biopsy Cases Lacking Associated Invasive High-grade Carcinoma.
Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001819. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34619708.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34619708/
Diagnosis of “cribriform” prostatic adenocarcinoma: an interobserver reproducibility study among urologic pathologists with recommendations.
Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3990-4001. PMID: 34522463; PMCID: PMC8414383.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34522463/
Prognostic value of cribriform size, percentage, and intraductal carcinoma in Gleason Score 7 prostate cancer with Cribriform Gleason Pattern 4.
Hum Pathol. 2021 Sep 17:S0046-8177(21)00163-5. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.09.005. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34543668.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34543668/
Testis Cancer
Somatic-type Malignancies in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Clinicopathologic Study of 63 Cases.
Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Aug 2. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001789. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34334690.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34334690/
Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors with Spermatic Cord Involvement: A Retrospective International Multi-Institutional Experience.
Mod Pathol. 2021 Sep 9. doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00912-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34504308.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34504308/
Adenocarcinoma of the Rete Testis: Seven Additional Cases, Including Exclusively and Predominantly Intrarete Tumors.
Am J Surg Pathol. 2021 Jul 1. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001771. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34224412.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34224412/
Nodular Maturation of the Testis,
The American Journal of Surgical Pathology: July 12, 2021. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001775.
Penile Cancer
A comparative study of AJCC and the modified staging system in pT2/pT3 penile squamous cell carcinoma- A validation on an external dataset.
Histopathology. 2021 Sep 29. doi: 10.1111/his.14575. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34586682.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586682/
Adrenal Tumors
SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor Diagnosed on Adrenal Sampling.
Am J Clin Pathol. 2021 Aug 31:aqab101. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab101. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34463317.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34463317/
TERT Copy Number Alterations, Promoter Mutations and Rearrangements in Adrenocortical Carcinomas.
Endocr Pathol. 2021 Sep 22. doi: 10.1007/s12022-021-09691-0. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34549366.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34549366/
Artificial Intelligence and Genitourinary Cancers
Artificial Intelligence in Pathology.
Am J Pathol. 2021 Oct;191(10):1670-1672. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.07.011. Epub 2021 Aug 13. PMID: 34391718.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34391718/
Validating Whole Slide Imaging Systems for Diagnostic Purposes in Pathology: Guideline Update From the College of American Pathologists in Collaboration With the American Society for Clinical Pathology and the Association for Pathology Informatics.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021 May 18. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0723-CP. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34003251.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34003251/